Vitamin B12 is an essential water-soluble nutrient for the normal function of many systems of the body, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis and red blood cell production. Vitamin B12 plays an important role in neurological function, mood and memory, bone health, and fetal development. B12 is a necessary cofactor for the metabolism of homocysteine into methionine and the subsequent formation of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) from methionine. Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to the development of elevated homocysteine levels, which is a well-recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease and may be associated with an increased risk of cognitive decline. B12 deficiency is more common with age, hypochlorhydria, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, gastrointestinal bypass surgery, alcohol use, following a vegetarian or vegan diet, and the use of medications such as proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, and hormonal contraceptives. Serum levels of B12 have been shown to poorly reflect tissue deficiencies and elevated methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine.

Suggested Use:

Take 1 to 2 pumps by mouth once daily. Hold in mouth for 30 seconds before swallowing. Repeat to desired dosage or as directed by a healthcare professional. Take on an empty stomach, at least 10 minutes before meals. May be stirred into a small amount of water. Use within 6 months of opening. If pregnant, consult physician before use.